Open surgery is the basis of any surgical procedure. It has long been the only option possible; however, a range of other tools have recently appeared such as minimally invasive, percutaneous and arthroscopic surgery. These techniques are particularly suited for the foot and ankle, and minimally-invasive techniques are developing at a dazzling speed in this area.
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Open surgery
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Fig. 1
Procedure on the neuro-vascular structures of the ankle. Open surgery is required for an adequate visualisation.
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Benefits
The benefits of open surgery are obvious. Firstly, the surgical community has extensive experience and a vast amount of literature is available on such procedures. These procedures are therefore well known, as are the long-term results and the treatment of complications.
Secondly, open surgery is often the only viable option in situations requiring the implantation of large implants, where direct vision is necessary or for the treatment of soft tissue (muscles, tendons, etc.). This is particularly true in the field of trauma where the use of revolutionary percutaneous or arthroscopy techniques have not yet found a place. The trend is rather to reduce the size of incisions by producing smaller implants to limit the extent of the surgical aggression.
Fig. 1: Implantation of a plate for a posterior fracture of the tibiaFinally, open surgery is often the preferred option when treating complex cases such as recurrence after surgery or in certain specific areas (tumour surgery, sepsis, etc.)
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Limitations
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Conclusion
